#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

int gcd(int a, int b)
{
    return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a;
}

ll qmi(ll a, ll b)
{
    ll res = 1;
    while(b)
    {
        if(b & 1)res = res * a % mod;
        b >>= 1;
        a = a * a % mod;
    }
    return res;
}
struct custom_hash {
	static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
		x ^= x << 13;
		x ^= x >> 7;
		x ^= x << 17;
		return x; 
	}
	size_t operator () (uint64_t x) const {
		static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count(); // 时间戳
		return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
	}
};

void solve()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    string s;
    cin >> s;
    vector<int> st;
    ll ans = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        if(s[i] == '(') st.push_back(i);
        else if(s[i] == ')')
        {
            int t = st.back();
            st.pop_back();
            t = t - st.back();
            st.pop_back();
            ans += t;
        }
        else
        {
            if(!st.size())
            {
                st.push_back(i);
            }
            else
            {
                int t = i - st.back();
                st.pop_back();
                ans += t;
            }
        }
    }
    cout << ans << endl;
}

int main()
{
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while(t--) solve();
    return 0;
}